What is really evaluated

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The relevance of what you choose to comment on and the clarity with which you present it are valued. There is no need to talk about all the figures: it is important to select carefully and communicate in order what trend the graph shows, what attracts attention and why it could be happening. Interpretation rules over enumeration.

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Select without wasting time

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Before writing, look at the set. If the graph is generous in data, filter: choose four or five figures that draw the general trend and one that surprises because it is high, low or because it goes hand in hand with another. That selection is already a criterion, and the criterion is scored. If the graph contains little data — something that is increasingly common —, focus on the comparison and on the temporary change, even if the change is minimal: “it hardly changes” it is also information.

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Connecting data to reality

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Your text wins when numbers land on credible consequences and plausible causes. You don't need absolute certainties; plausible hypotheses formulated in a conditional form are enough. If a majority maintains its productivity and not a small part improves, you could argue that, if the measure is maintained, the company would tend to optimize costs or reduce losses. If a value plummets, you can propose that it is due to regulatory change, seasonality, or consumer preference. The key is that your explanation fits the data and its context.

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How to organize the paragraph

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Start by placing the main idea of the graphic in a clear sentence. Then integrate two or three representative figures to prove it. Then interpret: add a possible consequence and a plausible cause. Close with a mini-conclusion that returns the reader to the overall idea. This cycle—idea, data, interpretation, closing—is enough for a compact and well-punctuated text.

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Expressions that make your life easier

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For consequences: esto conllevaría…, se traduciría en…, daría lugar a…, traería consigo…, tendría como efecto…, desembocaría en….
For causes: esto podría explicarse por…, podría responder a…, podría atribuirse a…, se debería a…, podría ser consecuencia de…, la razón subyacente sería….

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Applied example

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Overall idea: with the four-day work week, productivity does not fall and, in certain cases, it improves.
Representative data: a majority is maintained; a significant percentage improves.
Likely consequence: if sustained over time, it would result in a reduction in operating costs and better talent retention.
Plausible cause: it could be explained by better rest that decreases fatigue and improves concentration, hence the same thing - or more - being done in fewer hours.

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Workout at home

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Always write from a previous selection of numbers and save a minute to think about causes and consequences. Practice the conditional for your hypotheses. Do simulations with a stopwatch and, when reviewing, ask yourself: does my text count the trend? , have I justified why I am talking about these figures and not about others? Do I appear as someone who interprets, not lists numbers?

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Remaining Mistakes (and How to Avoid Them)

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Stay on the linear reading of the graph. Solution: Open with a trend, not with a number.
Wanting to mention everything. Solution: Limit to four or five pieces of data and say why you choose them.
Give your opinion without being tied to numbers. Solution: Each interpretation is tied to at least one number.
Sharp hypotheses. Solution: Use conditionals and possibility markers.

If you want to practice with models and see annotated texts step by step, in my courses you have specific units for working on this task as in the exam: with a time limit, rubric and reasoned solutions. The difference is noticed when your eyes stop “copying numbers” and start building meaning: that's where the graph is converted into dots.

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Resources

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DELE and community preparation courses: https://aporeldele.com/cursos
Books with exam models: https://aporeldele.com/libros

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